On April 9…

“We must consider the effect on the country as a whole. If I took your advice, the men would be without rations and under no control of officers. They would be compelled to rob and steal in order to live. They would become mere bands of marauders, and the enemy’s cavalry would pursue them and overrun many sections they may never have occasion to visit. We would bring on a state of affairs it would take the country years to recover from.”
~Gen. Robert E. Lee
Rejecting a plea to continue fighting
Prior to surrendering at Appomattox Court House, Virginia

1784 – The Treaty of Paris, which had been ratified by the United States Congress on January 14, 1784, was ratified by King George III of the Kingdom of Great Britain, finally ending the American Revolutionary War.
The treaty was very generous to the United States in terms of greatly enlarged boundaries. The concession of the vast trans-Appalachian region was designed to facilitate the growth of the American population and create lucrative markets for British merchants, without any military or administrative costs to Britain.
Signature Factoid: Rather than signing the treaty himself, King George III sent two men (David Hartley and Richard Oswald) to represent him. Both are best known as the “peace commissioners”.

1865 – Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.
The men met in the first-floor parlor of a house owned by Wilmer McLean, who ironically had moved to this far corner of Virginia to escape the war after a cannon shell crashed into his home near Manassas during the first major battle of the war in 1861.
It’s true, the war had started in his front yard and ended in his front parlor … 140 miles apart.
Grant proposed that the Confederates, with the exception of officers, lay down their arms and after signing paroles, return to their homes. Lee agreed with the terms, and Grant began writing them out.
One issue that Lee brought up before the terms were finalized and signed was the issue of horses. He pointed out that unlike the Federals, Confederate cavalrymen and artillerymen in his army owned their own horses. Grant stated that he would not add it to the agreement but would instruct his officers receiving the parolees to let the men take their horses home.
Lee then brought up the subject of rations since his men had gone without rations for several days. Grant agreed to supply 25,000 rations to the hungry Confederate soldiers. Most of the rations were provided from Confederate supplies captured by the Union when they seized rebel supply trains at Appomattox Station the previous day.
Just before 4:00 p.m., General Lee shook hands with General Grant, bowed to the other officers, and gazed sadly in the direction of the valley beyond where his army lay – now an army of prisoners.
General Grant saluted him by raising his hat. Lee raised his hat respectfully, and rode off to break the sad news to the brave men whom he had so long commanded.
Lee Factoid: Prior to the meeting at McLean’s house, General E. Porter Alexander, one of Lee’s officers, had suggested that instead of surrendering, Lee should send the army into the woods and mountains to fight on as guerrillas.
Lee rejected the idea out of hand (see his response at the top of this column).
It Wasn’t The Actual End of The War Factoid: Several other Confederate armies remained in the field, including the remnants of the Confederacy’s second-largest, the Army of Tennessee under the command of Gen. Joseph “Joe” Johnston, which was contending with the Union army led by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in North Carolina.
Lee’s surrender, however, signaled no hope remained for Confederate victory. Four years of bloodshed had left a devastating mark on the country: 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers had perished during the Civil War.
Surrender Factoid: The formal surrender ceremony did not take place until April 12. Neither Lee nor Grant elected to attend the surrender ceremony. Grant selected Brevet Major General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain to receive the surrender of the Confederate infantry.
Chamberlain passed the order to regimental commanders, and they in turn to company officers, sergeants, and privates…
“Stand at attention as the Confederates come by – and give your former foes the respect they deserve.”

1939 – Opera singer Marian Anderson, who had been barred from performing for an integrated audience at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC by the Daughters of The American Revolution, instead sang on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial before a crowd of 75,000 and a radio audience of millions.
Infuriated by the DAR’s stance, thousands of DAR members, including First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, resigned.

1940 – Nazi Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.
Norway battled the Germans for twenty days before capitulating.
Faced with the explicit threat of the Luftwaffe bombing the civilian population of Copenhagen, Denmark surrendered after a six-hour “battle”.

1942 – American and Philippine defenders on Bataan capitulated to Japanese forces during World War II.
Although it was supposed to be a stronghold, Bataan had not been adequately supplied before the siege began. Most of its defenders had become sick with malaria and malnourished even before the surrender.
Seeing all was lost and wanting to save as many of his men from death and injury as he could, Maj. Gen. Edward P. King, Jr., commander of all U.S. and Filipino troops on Bataan, surrendered 76,000 American and Filipino soldiers.
Approximately 1,500 of that total were transferred or escaped to Corregidor, which meant that about 74,500 men were going with him into captivity. The result was one of the Pacific War’s worst atrocities.
Although General King surrendered his force to save them from unnecessary suffering, the brutality of their Japanese captors killed thousands of the POWs in what became known as the Bataan Death March.

1959 – NASA announced the selection of America’s first seven astronauts (The Mercury Seven): Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard and Donald Slayton.

1962 – At the 34th Academy Awards, West Side Story was the big winner.
The musical took home ten Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director (Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins), Best Supporting Actor (George Chakiris) and Best Supporting Actress (Rita Moreno).
Sophia Loren won Best Actress (Two Women) and Maximilian Schell won Best Actor (Judgment At Nuremberg).

Maximilian Schell’s mesmerizing performance in this scene is one of the best in film history…

1969 – Bob Dylan released the Nashville Skyline album.
While Dylan had flirted with country music on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding, the new album displayed a complete immersion into the genre.
Along with the more basic lyrical themes, simple songwriting structures, and charming domestic feel, it introduced audiences to a radically new singing voice from Dylan, who had temporarily quit smoking – a soft, affected country croon.
The album received a generally positive reaction from critics and was a commercial success, reaching #3 in the U.S. and #1 in England.

1973 – Paul McCartney & Wings released My Love.
The first single from their album Red Rose Speedway, it topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the U.S. for four weeks and peaked at #9 on the UK Singles Chart.
My Love featured an improvised guitar solo by Henry McCullough. It was the first time anyone in the band challenged the regimented recording approach favored by McCartney.
It was an approach that others in the group encouraged, in an effort to make Wings a genuine band instead of just a backing group.

1976 – All The President’s Men, starring Dustin Hoffman and Robert Redford, premiered.
The film was based on the novel by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward which detailed their Watergate investigation for the Washington Post.
It was nominated for eight Academy Awards, winning two.
Casting Factoid: Robert Redford, the films executive producer, initially selected Al Pacino to play the role of Bernstein, but after some thought, he decided that Dustin Hoffman was a better fit.

1976 – Folk singer Phil Ochs committed suicide by hanging himself. He was only 35.
Ochs performed at many political events during the 1960s counterculture era, including anti-Vietnam War and civil rights rallies, student events, and organized labor events over the course of his career.
A self-proclaimed “left social democrat” and “early revolutionary,” his best-known songs include I Ain’t Marching Anymore, Changes, Crucifixion, Draft Dodger Rag, Love Me, I’m A Liberal, and Outside of A Small Circle of Friends.
In early 1976, Ochs was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He was prescribed medication and he told his sister he was taking it. It was only after his suicide that she discovered he had been lying and had never opened the bottle.

1979 – At the 51st Academy Awards, two Vietnam era films dominated the action.
The Deer Hunter won 5 Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director (Michael Cimino), Best Supporting Actor (Christopher Walken), Best Sound, and Best Film Editing.
Coming Home had three winners; Jon Voight (Best Actor), Jane Fonda (Best Actress), and Best Screenplay.

1988 – Singer Dave Prater died in a single-car accident in Sycamore, GA. He was 50.
Prater, who teamed up with Sam Moore to form the soul vocal duo Sam & Dave (Soul Man, I Thank You and Hold On, I’m Coming), was driving on Interstate 75 near Sycamore when he veered off the road and hit a tree.
Lack of Harmony Factoid: Sam & Dave were well known for having a very tumultuous partnership during most of their 21 years together. According to Moore, they did not speak to each other offstage for almost 13 years.
During the 1970s, they typically showed up separately for shows, required separate dressing rooms, and rarely looked at each other onstage.
Moore and Prater were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992.

1988 – Singer Brook Benton died of complications from spinal meningitis. He was 56.
Benton scored over 50 Billboard chart hits, including Rainy Night In Georgia, It’s Just A Matter of Time, Endlessly, and The Boll Weevil Song.

1989 – Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones and Mandy Smith announced their engagement. He was 52. She was 19. They started dating when she was … 13 years old.
Their subsequent marriage lasted just over one year although Wyman’s 30-year old son Stephen later married Mandy’s 46-year old mother.
Idle Thought: That made Stephen a stepfather to his former stepmother. If Bill and Mandy had remained married, Stephen would have been his father’s father-in-law.
Yes, there are days when I have far too much time on my hands.

1992 – Former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega was convicted in Miami of eight drug and racketeering charges. He was subsequently sentenced to 40 years in prison
The court refused to allow Noriega’s defense to present any evidence relating to his work for the CIA, his payments from the U.S. government, his knowledge of U.S. subversion in Central America, his contacts with senior figures such as George H.W. Bush, and their knowledge of his activities as Panama’s dictator.
His lawyers protested, but in vain. In many respects, the Miami proceedings resembled an east European show trial, with the outcome never in doubt.

2001 – Willie “Pops” Stargell died of complications related to a stroke.
The Baseball Hall of Fame slugger played his entire (1962-1982) with the Pittsburgh Pirates and was named the MVP of the Pirates’ 1979 World Series win over the Baltimore Orioles.

2003 – The city of Baghdad was formally occupied by Coalition forces.
Much of Baghdad remained unsecured however, and fighting continued within the city and its outskirts well into the period of occupation.
Saddam Hussein, certain members of his family and close subordinates vanished, and his whereabouts were unknown.
In front of a conglomerate of international press, a 20-foot-tall statue of Saddam in Firdus Square was toppled by a U.S. Marine Corps M88 Recovery Vehicle.

2005 – The wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles took place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Guildhall.
Charles’ parents, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, did not attend the civil wedding ceremony, but held a reception for the couple in Windsor Castle afterwards.
Parker Bowles assumed the title Duchess of Cornwall, and with it, automatically acquired rank as the second highest woman in the United Kingdom order of precedence – after the Queen.

2014 – Alex Hribal, a 16-year-old sophomore at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, PA, used a pair of eight-inch kitchen knives to stab and slash 20 students and a security guard.
Four students sustained life-threatening injuries, but all survived.
Hribal pleaded guilty in the Westmoreland County Court of Common Pleas to 21 counts each of attempted homicide and aggravated assault.
Judge Christopher Feliciani sentenced Hribal to serve 23 1⁄2 to 60 years in prison.

Compiled by Ray Lemire ©2020 RayLemire.com / Streamingoldies.com. All Rights Reserved.